Apple is known for prioritizing user safety and seamless convenience when developing new features. A prime example of this is AirPlay, the company’s wireless standard that allows users to stream audio and video effortlessly between devices.
AirPlay is compatible not only with Apple devices but also with TVs and speakers authorized by Apple to support this technology. However, its convenience makes it a prime target for cyberattacks, as vulnerabilities exist within the protocol that could permit malicious actors to introduce malware and compromise connected devices.
Understanding the AirPlay Risk
Recent investigations by security firm Oligo identified significant flaws in Apple’s AirPlay Protocol and Software Development Kit (SDK) that enable remote code execution by hackers. Such vulnerabilities are particularly concerning, allowing attackers to seize control of affected devices and propagate damage across networks.
Oligo noted, “An attacker can take over certain AirPlay-enabled devices and deploy malware that spreads to devices on any local network the infected device connects.” This presents a severe risk given the billions of Apple and other brand devices in existence that support AirPlay.
One critical vulnerability allows hackers to infiltrate a device and potentially access larger networks. The consequences can range from eavesdropping on private conversations to tracking location, stealing sensitive information, and executing ransomware attacks.
Apple has rolled out patches for these vulnerabilities through updates including macOS Sequoia 15.4, tvOS 18.4, and various other versions. However, thousands of older devices may never receive these critical updates and remain susceptible to attacks.
What Steps Do Experts Suggest?
The foremost step for users to safeguard against these vulnerabilities is to ensure they download and install the latest updates released by Apple. Trevor Horwitz, CISO and founder of TrustNet, emphasizes that downloading a patch is ineffective unless it is properly installed.
“The simplest and most effective thing you can do is keep your devices updated. This may sound basic, but it’s often overlooked,” he remarks. On iPhones and iPads, you can find updates under: Settings > General > Software Update. For macOS users, navigate to: Apple Menu > System Settings > General > Software Update.
Given that these attack vectors depend on Wi-Fi networks, users should also enhance their network security. Oleh Kulchytskyi, Senior Malware Reverse Engineer at MacPaw, warns that a Zero-Click Remote Code Execution (RCE) is one of the most severe types of security breaches.
“To stay safe at home, ensure that your router has a strong password and watch out for any suspicious connections to your network,” Kulchytsky adds.
A Safe Way to Use AirPlay
Matthias Frielingsdorf, an experienced iOS researcher and cofounder of iVerify, advocates for basic digital security practices. This includes installing updates promptly, maintaining robust network passwords, and minimizing the risk of attacks.
Users should take active measures when using AirPlay, such as disabling it on devices that do not require it. “Disabling AirPlay on iOS, macOS, or tvOS devices that don’t need to act as receivers will limit potential attacks. In public places, it’s also wise to turn off Wi-Fi on your Mac and iPhone,” Frielingsdorf advises.
AirPlay streaming is enabled by default, so consider disabling it if it’s not required. You can do this on your iPhone or iPad through: Settings > General > AirPlay & Continuity > Ask. You can also disable it entirely by turning off the AirPlay Receiver toggle in the same settings.
For Mac users, the path is: Apple Menu > System Settings > General > AirDrop & Handoff > AirPlay Receiver. Given that older or discontinued devices cannot always be patched, ensuring your current devices have the correct settings is vital for minimizing risk.
The Bottom Line
Security experts have frequently pointed out flaws in wireless transmission systems, including Bluetooth. A vulnerability like the one allowing zero-click remote code execution in AirPlay serves as a crucial reminder of the ongoing threats. The integration of AirPlay across iOS, macOS, and tvOS means that a breach in one part can compromise multiple devices simultaneously.
Apple’s security measures are solid, but not foolproof.
“What makes this serious is the integration. AirPlay isn’t just a standalone app; it’s a system-level service built into various Apple operating systems. Once compromised, the attacker could potentially access and affect multiple devices at once,” warns TrustNet’s Horwitz.
For users who may not be well-versed in security measures, it’s essential to challenge the idea that any ecosystem is completely secure. Chris Hill, Chief Security Strategist at BeyondTrust, advises that “threat actors are opportunistic, looking for the easiest path of least resistance.”
To protect yourself, keep all devices updated, disable features that aren’t needed, and remain vigilant about your network settings. Explore more on Moyens I/O for additional insights.