Large language models like ChatGPT are often perceived as enigmatic tools, leaving many curious about who uses them and how. OpenAI, in collaboration with the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), set out to unveil these mysteries and understand the behaviors of its expanding user base. Their findings reveal not only a surprising amount of personal use but also a notable shift in user demographics, particularly regarding gender.
This exploration comes from a comprehensive NBER working paper, produced by the OpenAI Economic Research team alongside economist David Deming from Harvard. The research indicates that a staggering 80% of all ChatGPT interactions fall into three primary categories: “Practical Guidance,” “Seeking Information,” and “Writing.” The most prevalent category, “Practical Guidance,” encompasses personalized tutoring, how-to advice, and creative brainstorming. On the other hand, “Seeking Information” functions as an alternative to traditional search engines, while “Writing” includes generating emails, documents, and various forms of communication.
1. The Shift in Work versus Personal Use of ChatGPT
According to the study, writing is the predominant work-related application of ChatGPT, accounting for 40% of work messages in June 2025. This figure starkly contrasts with the mere 4.2% regarding coding tasks, demonstrating that using ChatGPT for programming is relatively rare.
Interestingly, the proportion of work-related engagements with ChatGPT has diminished significantly. In June 2024, approximately 47% of user interactions were job-related, but that number has since plummeted to just 27%. This decline coincides with separate research showing companies struggling to harness meaningful returns on AI investments. Meanwhile, interactions for personal use surged from 53% to 73% over the same period.
2. Understanding ChatGPT’s Role in Personal Lives
While it appears users are increasingly engaging with ChatGPT during their personal time, OpenAI’s research highlights that only a small percentage utilize the chatbot for emotional support or companionship. About 2% of all messages consisted of users seeking therapy-like interactions, while just 0.4% discussed relationships or personal reflections. Still, there is growing interest in how these interactions could foster deeper user engagement.
Interestingly, other research suggests more substantial use of chatbots for emotional support than OpenAI’s findings indicate. For instance, a study by Common Sense Media revealed that roughly one in three teenagers utilize AI chatbots for social interaction. Similarly, another study found that nearly half of all adult users sought “psychological support” from chatbots within the past year. Given that the OpenAI study noted a youthful user base—46% of which were individuals aged 18 to 25—the relevance of these findings becomes even more pronounced.
3. The Changing Demographics of ChatGPT Users
An intriguing shift is occurring among ChatGPT’s user demographics. Initially, the platform attracted a predominantly male audience; however, the proportion of users with “masculine first names” has decreased from approximately 80% in 2022 to 48% by June 2025. This change has been accompanied by a rise in “typically feminine names,” now achieving parity with males.
4. How Reliable Are These Insights?
It’s essential to approach these findings with a critical lens. OpenAI employed AI algorithms to categorize the messages analyzed, leading some to question the accuracy of the reported statistics. If you’re skeptical about technology’s reliability, keep this caveat in mind.
What are the primary use cases for ChatGPT among users? The research shows that practical guidance, information seeking, and writing dominate, with a notable shift toward personal use over time.
Can ChatGPT serve as a tool for emotional support? While data suggests only 2% of users seek emotional companionship, studies indicate that many young people use it for social interaction, reflecting a larger trend towards AI in mental wellness.
How has the gender demographic changed for ChatGPT users? The male user base has significantly decreased, with a rising number of female users now matching their numbers, indicating a broader appeal across genders.
In conclusion, as more individuals explore what ChatGPT can offer, understanding its diverse use cases becomes paramount. Whether for work or personal interaction, the evolving landscape of AI usage is a phenomenon worth watching. For more insights into the intersections of AI and everyday life, visit Moyens I/O.